STRUCTURE OF WORMHOLE,ITS COMPOSTION AND THE NATURE OF PHOTONS PASSING THROUGH IT-
This is a write up which I have completed uptil now. Its a 5 long paged. I am now working on Schwarzschild metry and Solutions to Theory of relativity which can fit in wormhole
By - A. Deoras
Introduction-
This write up deals with the possible explainations for the exsistence of shortcuts in the Universe popularly termed as Wormhole----
CHAPTER I
PREVIOUS STUDIES,RESULTS, AND CONCLUSIONS
*** The solutions to Einstein's Theory of Relativity coupled by Nathan Rosen's work led the foundation of Einstein-Rosen Bridge of Schwarzschild wormhole. Einstein-Rosen bridge are the Vacuum solutions to Einsteins' Field Equation combining the black hole and white hole model in the year 1935.However in 1962,J.Wheeler and R.Fuller published a paper showing that the wormhole so formed from the vacuum solutions is unstable and will disappear very soon as soon as it is formed. Schwarzschild concluded that his wormhole was a non traversable one!
Kip Thorne considered the throat of Schwarzschild wormhole as having Exotic matter.
In 1988, Morris,Thorne,Yurtsever worked to convert a wormhole traversing space into one traversing time. This has been disputed.
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION TO THE ARTICLE
The article deals with the environment required for existence of traversable wormholes by using the time dilation equation and conversion of inertial to non inertial frame of references.
The article also deals with the aspects of traversibility of wormholes.
The article also specifies the ideal composition of wormhole
CHAPTER III
SOLUTIONS TO SCHWARZSCHILD METRY
The solutions to the schwarzschild metry can be positive or negative. Solutions refer to Square roots inside the horizon. For Schwarzschild metrical solutions to wormhole, negative square root indicates negative properties relating to negative attraction and negative energy. The second of law of thermodynamics is violated by wormholes which acts as barrier for their mathematical existence. Negative square root of Black hole's solution indicates matter being released with tremendous speed outside the event horizon. The present models of Wormhole contain Black Hole for sucking matter and White hole for ejecting matter.
CHAPTER IV
STABILITY OF WORMHOLE
The mathematical models require an exotic matter at the throat of wormhole for stabilisation. Exotic matter is a matter with negative energy/pressure. The 2-D diagram will make a ring form at the throat of Black and White holes which will maintain the stability of wormhole.The shell is supposed to have a positive surface pressure and negative mass. These all features help the stability of wormhole
CHAPTER V
VIOLATION OF WHITE HOLE BY LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal principle of entropy, stating that the entropy of an isolated system which is not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium; and that the entropy change dS of a system undergoing any infinitesimal reversible process is given by δq / T, where δq is the heat supplied to the system and T is the absolute temperature of the system.Wormhole has not this tendency so it might not exist.
CHAPTER VI
BLACK HOLE FORMATION AND WHITE HOLE FORMATION WITH THE PROPERTIES
Also As we know after a death of a star, Black holes are created if the mass of the star was more than CHANDRASHEKHAR LIMIT
HOW CAN A WORMHOLE EXIST. LET US TALK ON ITS PROPERTIES AS SUGGESTED BY SCHWARZSCHILD METRY.
THE WORMHOLE EJECTS MATTER. THIS MEANS THAT ITS GRAVITY IS NOT ZERO. IF IT HAS SOME MASS AT THE CENTER WHICH FORMS GRAVITY THEN HOW CAN AN ATOM BE EJECTED WITH SPEED. THIS MIGHT LEAD US TO THINK THAT THERE MIGHT BE A NEGATIVE ENERGY AT THE THROAT OF A WORMHOLE. I DISAGREE ON IT.
CHAPTER VII
MY VIEWS ON WORMHOLE
ON MY VIEWS OF A TRAVERSABLE WORMHOLES THERE MIGHT NOT BE SOMETHING AT THE OTHER END OF A WORMHOLE
CONTEMPLARY-
""A WORMHOLE ACTUALLY FOLDS THE UNIVERSE"""
IT IS A POPULAR STATEMENT.
AFTER PLOTTING TWO POINTS ON SPACE-TIME CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM, WHICH ARE SUPPOSED TO BE NEAR TO EACH OTHER
DUE TO FOLDING,THE CO-ORDINATES ARE SAME AS THEY WERE BEFORE<>
SO IT IS NOT THAT FOLDING OF SPACE IS A WORMHOLE
THIS IS FOR ANY PLANET.
THIS IMPLIES THAT TIME TRAVEL IS NOT GOING TO HAPPEN DUE TO FINITE SPACE-TIME CURVATURE AS DONE BY PLANETS AND THE FOLDING CONCEPT IS ENTIRELY WRONG
TWO UNIVERSES
CHAPTER VIII
ENVIRONMENT OF WORMHOLE
II ENVIRONMENT FOR SCHWARZSCHILD WORMHOLE--
REQUIREMENT- BLACK HOLE-
A BLACK HOLES CENTER HAS INFINITE SPACE-TIME CURVATURE. TO EXPLAIN IT HAS SINGULARITY OF INFINITY.
IF WE CONSIDER LIGHT-CONE DIAGRAM ANY TWO PARALLEL UNIVERSES ARE SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER BY A HORIZONTAL LINE OF A LINE OF ZERO TIME AS THE Y CO-ORDINATE OF X-AXIS IS ZERO. I CALL THIS HORIZONTAL AS A LINE OF HORIZONTAL OF A LINE OF REFRENCE.
IF WE CONSIDER TWO PARREL UNIVERSES,ONE ABOVE THE LINE
THESE TWO UNIVERSES HAVE INDEPENDENT TIME. AT THE BLACK HOLE AREA, THE SPACE-TIME CURVATURE IS INFINITE.
ACCORDING TO ME IT JUST TOUCHES THE LINE OF HORIZONTAL BUT DOESN'T PASS BELOW IT.
THE SPACE-TIME FABRIC WILL TOUCH THE LINE AT A POINT WHICH AFTER SOME YEARS WILL BECOME A TRAVERSABLE HOLE.
DURING ITS LIFE, A BLACK HOLE SUCKS MATTER. SUPPOSE IT TAKEN IN AN ATOM, DUE TO STRONG G FORCE AT THE CENTER,IT WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE IN ORBIT INSIDE THE BLACK HOLE GRADUALLY COLLAPSING WITH ITS CENTER. BUT IF AT THIS MOMENT ONLY " BLACK HOLE EVAPORATION> STARTS BLACK HOLE WILL START LOSING ITS MASS
MY CALCULATIONS ARE SUGGESTING THAT IT WILL BE DIFFICULT FOR THAT ATOM TO AVOID THE COLLAPSE WITH THE CENTER OF THE BLACK HOLE BUT IF THAT ATOM HAS A STRONG INERTIA IT WILL FALL DOW. "
HOW I JUSTIFY THAT THE COLLAPSE WILL BE AVOIDED---------------
BLACK HOLE EVAPORATION MUST BEGIN AT LEAST A SECOND BEFORE THE ATOM REACHES THE MINIMUM SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS. THIS WILL ALLOW THE ATOM TO GET SOME TIME TO AVOID COLLAPSE. IF SUCH HAPPENS, THE CORE OF BLACK HOLE WILL PASS THROUGH THE ATOM WITHOUT AFFECTING IT. PROBLEM COME CAN I JUSTIFY ON THE BASIS OF INERTIAL ONLY
MY VIEWS-
INTERTIAL MASS OF THE ATOM WILL BE MORE THAN THE MASS OF BLACK HOLE. THIS WILL ALLOW THE ATOM TO DOMINATE.
BUT IF THE ATOM IS WELL ABOVE NR THE EVENT HORIZON, THEN THE PROCESS WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE. AS I RELATE MINIMUM SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS, MAXIMUM CHANCE OF TRAVEL
ONCE THE MATTER FALLS INTO THE SECOND UNIVERSE, BY FORMULA
1/
CONCLUSIONS BASED ON WRITE UPS--
1] FOLDING OF SPACE IS NOT A WORMHOLE AND TIME TRAVEL
2] WORMHOLES ARE NOTHING BUT THE STAGE WHERE BLACK HOLES START EVAPORATING,THE ATOM NEAR ITS CENTER WILL PEEP BY VIRTUE OF INTERTIA
3] WORMHOLES DON'T REQUIRE WHITE HOLES FOR EXISTENCE
4] THE SPACE-TIME DIMENSION SAYS THERE IS A LINE OF HORIZONTAL WHOSE CO-ORDINATE
5] TIME TRAVEL TAKES PLACE WHEN THE POSITION OF A BODY ON SPACE-TIME CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM REVERSES
6] FOR A COSMIC TUNNEL, SPACE-TIME FABRIC DOESN'T EXIST. IT GEtS CONVERTED TO TIME FABRIC BY FORMULA.
